What Is a Prefix and a Suffix? – Meaning and Definition
A prefix is a group of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. For example, the prefix "un-" in "unhappy" means "not," so the word "unhappy" means "not happy." Prefixes help in creating new words by altering the original word’s meaning.
A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word to change its form or meaning. For instance, the suffix "-ful" in "joyful" changes the word "joy" into an adjective, meaning "full of joy." Suffixes are often used to adjust the grammatical function of a word, such as turning a noun into an adjective or verb.
Spelling Rules to Be Followed When Adding a Prefix or a Suffix
When adding a prefix or suffix to a word, certain spelling rules should be followed to maintain proper word formation:
1. Prefixes Usually Don’t Change the Spelling:
When adding a prefix to a word, the spelling of the original word usually doesn’t change. For example, adding "un-" to "happy" becomes "unhappy."
2. Doubling the Final Consonant:
When adding a suffix to a word that ends in a single consonant, and the vowel before it is short (e.g., "run"), double the final consonant before adding a suffix starting with a vowel (e.g., "running").
3. Dropping the Final 'e':
If a word ends in a silent "e," drop the "e" before adding a suffix that starts with a vowel (e.g., "hope" + "-ing" = "hoping"). However, if the suffix starts with a consonant, keep the "e" (e.g., "hope" + "-ful" = "hopeful").
4. Changing 'y' to 'i':
If a word ends in a "y" preceded by a consonant, change the "y" to "i" before adding a suffix (e.g., "happy" + "-ness" = "happiness"). However, if the suffix begins with "i," such as "-ing," keep the "y" (e.g., "carry" + "-ing" = "carrying").
5. No Change for Suffixes Starting with Consonants:
When adding suffixes that start with a consonant, the base word typically remains unchanged (e.g., "treat" + "-ment" = "treatment").
6. Adding 's' or 'es' for Plurals:
For most words, simply add "s" to make them plural (e.g., "cat" becomes "cats"). However, if the word ends in "s," "x," "z," "ch," or "sh," add "es" (e.g., "box" becomes "boxes").
7. Maintaining Original Stress:
Adding a prefix usually does not change the stress pattern of the word (e.g., "appear" becomes "disappear" without changing the stress on "pear").
By following these rules, you can accurately form new words using prefixes and suffixes while maintaining correct spelling.
Common Words That Use Prefixes and Suffixes and Their Meaning
Prefix Words
Word | Prefix | Prefix Meaning | Word Meaning |
Unhappy | un- | Not | Not happy |
Redo | re- | Again | To do again |
Invisible | in- | Not | Not visible |
Preheat | pre- | Before | To heat before |
Misunderstand | mis- | Wrongly | To understand wrongly |
Antisocial | anti- | Against | Against social behavior |
Overconfident | over- | Excessively | Excessively confident |
Postpone | post- | After | To delay until after |
Bilingual | bi- | Two | Able to speak two languages |
Disagree | dis- | Not | To not agree |
Unbelievable | un- | Not | Not capable of being believed |
Rebuild | re- | Again | To build again |
Impatient | im- | Not | Not willing to wait |
Nonexistent | non- | Not | Not existing |
Overreact | over- | Excessively | To react excessively |
Undecided | un- | Not | Not yet decided |
Underestimate | under- | Below | To assess too low |
Supernatural | super- | Beyond | Beyond what is natural |
Interconnect | inter- | Between | To connect between things |
Misplace | mis- | Wrongly | To put in the wrong place |
Disrespect | dis- | Not | Lack of respect |
Unlikely | un- | Not | Not Likely |
Reappear | re- | Again | To appear again |
Inactive | in- | Not | Not Active |
Premature | pre- | Before | Occurring before the usual time |
Mislead | mis- | Wrongly | To guide in the wrong direction |
Antifreeze | anti- | Against | Substance preventing freezing |
Overestimate | over- | Excessively | To estimate too highly |
Postgraduate | post- | After | After completing a degree |
Nonstop | non- | Not | Without stopping |
Dislike | dis- | Not | To not like |
Unfair | un- | Not | Not fair |
Reorganise | re- | Again | To organise again |
Inaccurate | in- | Not | Not accurate |
Prepay | pre- | Before | To pay before |
Misbehave | mis- | Wrongly | To behave badly |
Overexcited | over- | Excessively | Too excited |
Underweight | under- | Below | Below the normal weight |
Superimpose | super- | Above | To place on top of something else |
Reconnect | re- | Again | To connect again |
Unfinished | un- | Not | Not completed |
Suffix Words
Word | Suffix | Suffix Meaning | Word Meaning |
Happiness | -ness | State of being | State of being happy |
Running | -ing | Action or process | The act of running |
Helpful | -ful | Full of | Full of help |
Beautiful | -ful | Full of | Full of beauty |
Darkness | -ness | State of being | State of being dark |
Quickly | -ly | In a certain manner | In a quick manner |
Careless | -less | Without | Without care |
Action | -tion | The process or state of | The process of acting |
Joyous | -ous | Full of | Full of joy |
Teacher | -er | One who does something | One who teaches |
Kindness | -ness | Quality or state of | The quality of being kind |
Darkness | -ness | State of being | State of being dark |
Brightness | -ness | Quality of being | The quality of being bright |
Movement | -ment | Action or process | The act of moving |
Enjoyment | -ment | Action or process | The state of enjoying |
Improvement | -ment | The process of | The process of improving |
Peaceful | -ful | Full of | Full of peace |
Thoughtful | -ful | Full of | Full of thought |
Sadness | -ness | State of being | State of being sad |
Clarity | -ity | Quality of | The quality of being clear |
Quickness | -ness | Quality or state of | The state of being quick |
Enjoyment | -ment | Action or process | The state of enjoying |
Wonderful | -ful | Full of | Full of wonder |
Hopeless | -less | Without | Without hope |
Argument | -ment | The process of | The process of arguing |
Attainment | -ment | The process of | The act of achieving |
Carelessness | -ness | Quality or state of | The quality of not being careful |
Friendship | -ship | State of being | The state of being friends |
Childhood | -hood | State or time of | The state of being a child |
Joyful | -ful | Full of | Full of joy |
Clarity | -ity | Quality or state of | The quality of being clear |
Awareness | -ness | State of being | The state of being aware |
Faithful | -ful | Full of | Full of faith |
Strengthen | -en | To make or become | To make stronger |
Hopeless | -less | Without | Without hope |
List of Words Containing Both a Prefix and a Suffix
In this list, you'll find words that have both prefixes added to the beginning and suffixes added to the end. These modifications change the original word’s meaning, making the vocabulary more diverse and expressive. Understanding how prefixes and suffixes work together can help you better grasp the full meaning of these words.
Word | Prefix | Meaning of Prefix | Suffix | Meaning of Suffix | Word Meaning |
Unhappiness | un- | Not | -ness | State of | The state of not being happy |
Disagreement | dis- | Not | -ment | The action or result of | The result of not agreeing |
Imperfectly | im- | Not | -ly | In a manner | In a manner that is not perfect |
Undesirable | un- | Not | -able | Capable of | Not capable of being desired |
Misunderstanding | mis- | Incorrectly | -ing | Action | The action of incorrectly understanding |
Unbelievable | un- | Not | -able | Capable of | Not capable of being believed |
Reactivation | re- | Again | -tion | The action of | The action of activating again |
Disrespectful | dis- | Not | -ful | Full of | Full of lack of respect |
Unhappily | un- | Not | -ly | In a manner | In a manner that is not happy |
Overreaction | over- | Excessively | -tion | The action of | The action of reacting excessively |
Miscommunication | mis- | Incorrectly | -tion | The action of | The action of communicating incorrectly |
Unavailable | un- | Not | -able | Capable of | Not available |
Disorganised | dis- | Not | -ed | Past tense marker | Not organised |
Rearrangement | re- | Again | -menu | The result of | The result of arranging again |
Nonrefundable | non- | Not | -able | Capable of | Not capable of being refunded |
Uninformed | un- | Not | -ed | Past tense marker | Not having received information |
Irresponsibility | ir- | Not | -ity | State or quality of | The state of being irresponsible |
Overpopulation | over- | Excessively | -tion | The action or state of | The state of having an excessive population |
Underestimated | under- | Below, insufficiently | -ed | Past tense marker | Judged to be less than it is |
Unsuccessful | un- | Not | -ful | Full of | Not achieving success |
Inaccessible | in- | Not | -ible | Capable of being | Not capable of being accessed |
Test Your Knowledge of Prefixes and Suffixes
1. Fill in the Blanks:
Complete the sentences by choosing the correct prefix or suffix.
The teacher was very __________ (help) when explaining the lesson.
I need to __________ (re) my notes before the exam.
The __________ (happy) of the students was evident on their faces.
She is very __________ (care) with her belongings.
After the storm, we had to __________ (build) the shed.
2. Identify the Prefix or Suffix:
In the following words, identify whether the affix is a prefix or a suffix, and explain its meaning.
Disappear
Joyful
Prehistoric
Childish
Unfinished
3. Match the Prefix with Its Meaning:
Match the following prefixes with their correct meanings.
Prefix | Meaning |
1. Re- | A. Not |
2. Pre- | B. Again |
3. Un- | C. Before |
4. Mis- | D. Wrongly |
5. Anti- | E. Against |
4. Form New Words:
Create a new word by adding a prefix or suffix to the given base word.
Comfort (add a prefix or suffix)
Agree (add a prefix or suffix)
Kind (add a prefix or suffix)
Visible (add a prefix or suffix)
Social (add a prefix or suffix)
5. True or False:
Determine whether the following statements are true or false.
The prefix "bi-" means "two."
The suffix "-ness" changes a word into an adjective.
The word "unhappy" uses a prefix to mean "not happy."
Adding the suffix "-ly" turns a noun into an adverb.
The word "invisible" means "able to see."
6. Choose the Correct Affix:
Select the correct prefix or suffix to complete the word.
__________ (re/un/dis) connect (meaning: to connect again)
Hope __________ (ness/ful/less) (meaning: without hope)
Child __________ (ish/ful/ness) (meaning: like a child)
__________ (in/mis/un) accurate (meaning: not accurate)
Fear __________ (ful/less/ly) (meaning: full of fear)
Answers to the “Test Your Knowledge of Prefixes and Suffixes” Questions:
1. Fill in the Blanks:
The teacher was very helpful when explaining the lesson.
I need to review my notes before the exam.
The happiness of the students was evident on their faces.
She is very careful with her belongings.
After the storm, we had to rebuild the shed.
2. Identify the Prefix or Suffix:
Disappear - Prefix (dis- means "not" or "opposite of")
Joyful - Suffix (-ful means "full of")
Prehistoric - Prefix (pre- means "before")
Childish - Suffix (-ish means "like" or "characteristic of")
Unfinished - Prefix (un- means "not"), Suffix (-ed means "completed")
3. Match the Prefix with Its Meaning:
Re- - B. Again
Pre- - C. Before
Un- - A. Not
Mis- - D. Wrongly
Anti- - E. Against
4. Form New Words:
Comfortable (Suffix: -able)
Disagree (Prefix: dis-)
Kindness (Suffix: -ness)
Invisible (Prefix: in-)
Antisocial (Prefix: anti-)
5. True or False:
The prefix "bi-" means "two." - True
The suffix "-ness" changes a word into an adjective. - False (It changes a word into a noun.)
The word "unhappy" uses a prefix to mean "not happy." - True
Adding the suffix "-ly" turns a noun into an adverb. - False (It usually turns an adjective into an adverb.)
The word "invisible" means "able to see." - False (It means "not able to see.")
6. Choose the Correct Affix:
Reconnect (re- means "again")
Hopeless (-less means "without")
Childish (-ish means "like")
Inaccurate (in- means "not")
Fearful (-ful means "full of")
Takeaways from Prefixes and Suffixes
Understanding Word Formation: Prefixes and suffixes are essential tools in word formation. Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, while suffixes are added to the end to change the word's function or form.
Expanding Vocabulary: Learning common prefixes and suffixes can greatly expand your vocabulary, helping you to understand and create new words with ease.
Enhancing Comprehension: By recognising prefixes and suffixes, you can better understand the meanings of unfamiliar words, making reading and comprehension easier.
Improving Grammar Skills: Suffixes often change the grammatical role of a word, such as turning a noun into an adjective. Understanding these changes can improve your grammar and writing skills.
Practical Application: Knowledge of prefixes and suffixes is not only useful for language learning but also for standardised tests, writing, and everyday communication.